Understanding Over-Tourism

Over-tourism occurs when a destination experiences excessive visitor numbers to the point that it negatively impacts the environment, residents, and cultural heritage. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO), the problem has intensified due to budget airlines, short-term rental platforms like Airbnb, and social media-driven travel trends (UNWTO, 2018). Cities such as Barcelona and Amsterdam have introduced measures like tourist taxes and accommodation limits to curb the influx of visitors (Coldwell, 2017).

The consequences of over-tourism are far-reaching. In Thailand, authorities closed Maya Bay—famously featured in The Beach—to allow its coral reefs to recover from severe damage caused by boat traffic and mass tourism (Lemieux et al., 2021). Similarly, in Machu Picchu, Peru, limits on visitor numbers and guided entry requirements aim to protect the ancient ruins from excessive foot traffic (Hathaway, 2019). The challenge is finding a balance between sustaining tourism’s economic benefits and preserving these destinations’ integrity.

How Can We Travel Responsibly?

1. Choose Lesser-Known Destinations

Rather than adding to the congestion in hotspots like Santorini or Bali, consider exploring lesser-known but equally captivating alternatives. For instance, swap Dubrovnik for Montenegro’s Kotor or visit Slovenia’s Lake Bohinj instead of the crowded Lake Bled. Not only does this alleviate pressure on over-touristed areas, but it also supports local economies in emerging destinations (Butler, 2020).

2. Travel Off-Peak

Visiting during the shoulder or off-season reduces strain on infrastructure and allows for a more authentic experience. In many destinations, hotels and attractions offer discounts outside peak months, benefiting both the traveller and the local economy (Gössling & Hall, 2019).

3. Respect Local Cultures and Communities

Responsible travel means engaging respectfully with local traditions, customs, and people. Avoid intrusive photography, dress appropriately for religious sites, and learn a few basic phrases in the local language. Supporting family-owned businesses rather than international chains also ensures your spending benefits the community directly (Scheyvens, 2002).

4. Be Eco-Conscious

Minimising environmental impact should be a priority. Opt for sustainable transport options like trains instead of short-haul flights, carry reusable bottles and bags, and choose eco-certified accommodations. Many hotels and tour operators now follow sustainability guidelines, such as the Global Sustainable Tourism Council’s (GSTC) standards (GSTC, 2022).

5. Support Responsible Tour Operators

When booking excursions, choose companies that prioritise ethical and sustainable practices. Look for wildlife tours that do not exploit animals, guides that follow leave-no-trace principles, and operators that give back to the communities they work with (Buckley, 2018).

The Future of Sustainable Travel

Governments and tourism boards are increasingly recognising the importance of managing visitor numbers responsibly. Initiatives like Japan’s ‘dispersed tourism’ strategy, which encourages travellers to explore beyond major hubs like Tokyo and Kyoto, aim to promote regional tourism while reducing congestion (Richards, 2021). Similarly, Norway’s efforts to regulate cruise tourism in the fjords demonstrate how policy can help mitigate the adverse effects of over-tourism (Hall, 2020).

Ultimately, the responsibility also lies with us as travellers. By making conscious choices about where, when, and how we travel, we can ensure that future generations can enjoy these incredible destinations just as we do today.

As travellers, we have the power to make a difference. Next time you plan a trip, consider the impact of your choices. Choose ethical travel companies, respect local communities, and explore lesser-known destinations. Share this article to inspire others to travel responsibly and be part of the movement towards sustainable tourism!

For more responsible travel insights and curated ethical travel experiences, get in touch with us or follow us on Instagram @lovinglife_loving for inspiration and travel tips!

References

• Buckley, R. (2018). Tourism and Environmental Sustainability: A Review. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(1), pp. 1-20.
• Butler, R. (2020). Overtourism in Europe: Lessons and Solutions. Tourism Management Perspectives, 35, 100636.
• Coldwell, W. (2017). First Venice, Now Barcelona: How Tourism Is Ruining Europe’s Greatest Cities. The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com
• Gössling, S. & Hall, C. M. (2019). Sustainable Tourism: A Global Perspective. Routledge.
• GSTC (2022). Global Sustainable Tourism Council Criteria for Destinations. Available at: https://www.gstcouncil.org
• Hall, C. M. (2020). Tourism and Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation and Mitigation. Channel View Publications.
• Hathaway, J. (2019). Machu Picchu Implements New Regulations to Control Over-Tourism. National Geographic. Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com
• Lemieux, A., Scott, D., & Calgaro, E. (2021). Environmental Impacts of Tourism: Case Studies from Southeast Asia. Environmental Conservation, 48(2), pp. 119-132.
• Richards, G. (2021). Dispersed Tourism: New Strategies for Sustainable Destination Management. Tourism Planning & Development, 18(3), pp. 237-252.
• Scheyvens, R. (2002). Tourism for Development: Empowering Communities. Pearson Education.
• UNWTO (2018). Overtourism? Understanding and Managing Urban Tourism Growth Beyond Perceptions. Available at: https://www.unwto.org